Reader value
An article should help a reader complete a task, compare options on the same basis, or understand a condition they might otherwise miss. Restating other articles, adding generic opinions, or adding decorative photos is not sufficient by itself.
Sources and verification
Prefer original documentation and primary sources for factual claims. Distinguish source statements from our calculations and analysis. Give dates, regions, versions, and material limitations where they affect the answer. Links are not a substitute for checking what the source supports.
Testing language
State whether the work was a document review, a homepage/DNS check, a software test, or a hands-on hardware test. Never present an HTTP response as proof of product functionality. Report a failed request as an observation at that time and location, not proof that a business has closed.
AI and editing
AI and automation assist research, drafting, and publishing. They must not invent first-hand use, quotations, people, experiments, or results. Article length, FAQs, tables, and image count follow the reader’s question rather than a fixed quota.
Images
Use images with appropriate permission or licences, retaining credits and source links. Identify reference photos when they do not show the actual product or event. A reference image is not evidence that the subject was tested.
Corrections and scope
Material factual corrections carry a dated explanation. Older material is reviewed for accuracy, overlap, and relevance; substantial changes are not disguised as fresh publication. This site does not provide personalised medical, legal, or investment advice.
Advertising
Advertising does not determine the conclusions of an article. Paid placements, sponsored content, and commercial relationships must be disclosed if introduced. Data practices are described in the privacy policy.
Research that helps a reader decide
For topics that need scientific evidence, our new direction is to investigate a specific question using original papers, compare findings and conditions, and explain what can and cannot carry over to a real decision. Citation counts are not a quality measure. We distinguish published results, our interpretation and illustrative calculations, and retain contradictory or insufficient evidence. Legacy articles are being reviewed progressively against this approach.